Idiopathic granulomatous mastitis: a disease mimics breast cancer appearing in pregnancy

Idiopathic granulomatous mastitis: A Disease Mimics Breast Cancer Appearing In Pregnancy. Purpose: Idiopathic granulomatous mastitis (IGM) is a rare and chronic inflammatory disease. It is more common with autoimmune diseases, pregnancy and lactation periods, oral contraceptive (OKS) users and hyperprolactinemia cases. IGM mimics breast cancer regarding its clinical and radiological features. In this study, we present IGM cases which were diagnosed in pregnancy and mimics breast cancer. Cases: First case was 37 years old, suffering from hyperaemia, pain and swelling in the right breast applied our clinic on 18th week of pregnancy. Second patient was 24 years old, complaining with hyperaemia, pain, discharge and swelling in the left breast applied our clinic on 28th week of pregnancy. Heterogeneous, hypoechoic mass lesions with irregular margins that are similar findings observed in breast cancer were determined in both cases by breast ultrasonography. IGM was diagnosed by tru-cut biopsy for aiming differential diagnosis with breast cancer. Breast abscesses were drained and patients were treated with antibiotics and steroids. Conclusion: Pregnancy leads to some alterations on several systems in the body including immune system and hormonal system as well. Therefore, it is suggested that incidence of IGM is increased in pregnancy and lactation periods due to these systemical changes. As a result; IGM disease that clinically and radiologically is to mimic breast cancer should be diagnosed by breast biopsy and an appropriate treatment should be applied.

It is thought that IGM is a disease due to autoimmunity, hormonal disorders. It may mimic breast carcinoma with its clinical and radiological features. Diagnosis must be confirmed by biopsy. During pregnancy, both the immunity and the hormonal system change in the body. During this period, the prolactin hormone rises. Therefore, IGM is more prevalent in pregnancy and lactation period. Consequently, prolactin inhibitors may be an effective option for medical therapy in the treatment of IGM during the pregnancy period when steroids can not be used for long periods and high doses. On the other hand, more comprehensive research is required.

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