Femoral Head Osteonecrosis Treatment
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There are many treatment options for patients who have osteonecrosis of the femoral ONFH and management strategies vary widely both among and within individual countries. Therefore, the ARCO board sought to develop a high-quality CPG. In order to do so, they consulted with the American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons and other outside consultants. A research librarian (CB) with expertise in systematic reviews and CPG’s was retained to both lead and guide proper procedural development and adherence to the AGREE II instrument was undertaken to apply the required rigor to create a clinically useful and meaningful CPG free of bias. Given the 3 PICO research questions, a participant group for each question was established composed of international experts drawn from within ARCO. Each group was led by a chair, who also represented the group at the leadership level. An independent website was established to provide a central repository for the protocol, forms, and study files readily accessible by all participants at any time. The broad international representation spanning 16 time zones created logistical challenges for holding virtually based workshops. Nonetheless, over 95% of the participants attended these workshops and in addition, a video recording of the workshop, along with the slide deck, was posted on the project website. Due to the 2019 coronavirus pandemic, the first workshop was held virtually in March 2020 to review the CPG process and PICO questions, to train participants for literature screening, and to agree upon the inclusion and exclusion criteria that were used to determine the eligibility of identified articles.