Journal of Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology is using Editorial Tracking System to maintain quality and transparency to the author in the peer-review process. Review processing will be performed by the editorial board members of the Journal of Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology or by Reviewers (outside experts in the field). Two independent reviewer’s approval (Minimum reviewer’s approval) followed by editor approval is obligatory for acceptance of any manuscript excluding an editorial.

A Tranquilizer which is also spelled as Tranquillizer is a drug which is designed for the treatment of anxiety, fear, tension, agitation, and disturbances of the mind, specifically to reduce states of anxiety and tension. The term tranquilizer was first used by F.F. Yonkman from the conclusions of investigative studies using the drug Reserpine, which showed the drug had a calming effect on all animals it was administered to. Reserpine is a Centrally Acting Rauwolfia Alkaloid. The word directly refers to the state of tranquility in a person and other animals.

Tranquilizers fall into two main classes, major and minor. Major tranquilizers, which are also known as antipsychotic agents, or neuroleptics, are so called because they are used to treat major states of mental disturbance in schizophrenics and other psychotic patients. Major tranquilizers are highly selective in alleviating the delusions, hallucinations, and disordered thinking of schizophrenics and other psychotic patients. The basic types are the phenothiazines, thioxanthines, butyrophenones, clozapine, and rauwolfia alkaloids. The phenothiazines are the most widely used of these and include the drug chlorpromazine. They are thought to work by blocking the neurotransmitter dopamine in the brain. This leads to a reduction of psychotic symptoms but can also result in such unwanted side effects as tremors of the limbs, rigidity, restlessness, and involuntary spasms of the facial muscles, tongue, and lips.

Minor tranquilizers, which are also known as antianxiety agents, or anxiolytics, are used to treat milder states of anxiety and tension in healthy individuals or people with less serious mental disorders. The major and minor tranquilizers bear only a superficial resemblance to each other, and the trend has been to drop the use of the word tranquilizer altogether in reference to such drugs, though the term persists in popular usage. The principal minor tranquilizers are the benzodiazepines which are diazepam (Valium), chlordiazepoxide (Librium), and alprazolam (Xanax). These drugs have a calming effect and eliminate both the physical and psychological effects of anxiety or fear. Besides the treatment of anxiety disorders, they are widely used to relieve the strain and worry arising from stressful circumstances in daily life. Benzodiazepines work by enhancing the action of the neurotransmitter gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA), which inhibits anxiety by reducing certain nerve-impulse transmissions within the brain. Benzodiazepines resemble barbiturates in their side effects: sleepiness, drowsiness, reduced alertness, and unsteadiness of gait.

Brand names for major tranquilizers include the following: Mellaril, Haldol, Navane, Thorazine and Prolixin. Brand name minor tranquilizers include the following: Xanax, Valium, Librium, Ativa and Klonopin. Because of the frequency which tranquilizers are prescribed, it is not uncommon for abuse of these drugs to develop or occur. One of the most dangerous practices in the recreational use of tranquilizers is the combination of these drugs with other depressants, such as heroin. Using a combination of depressants can dramatically increase the risk of death. Tranquilizers can be both physically and psychologically addictive, and the abuse of these drugs should not be taken lightly. If you or a loved one is trapped in the vicious cycle of tranquilizer addiction, it is highly recommend that you seek professional help.

On the occasion of its 3 years, Successful Journey, Journal of Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology decided to provide a partial waiver on its article processing charges to promote quality research from across the nations of the globe to encourage the latest research in the field of Infections, Diseases and Medicine. Journal of Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology is also planning to release a special issue on its new approaches.

Regards

Mary Wilson

Editorial office

Journal of Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology

E-mail: pharmatoxicol@eclinicalsci.com